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Allen, M., D. Kilpatrick, M. Armstrong, R. Briggs, N. Perez, and G. Course. 2001. Evaluation of sampling methods to quantify discarded fish using data collected during discards project EC 95/094 by Northern Ireland, England and Spain. Fisheries Research 49:241-254.

Allen, M., D. Kilpatrick, M. Armstrong, R. Briggs, G. Course, and N. Perez. 2002. Multistage cluster sampling design and optimal sample sizes for estimation of fish discards from commercial trawlers. Fisheries Research 55:11-24.

Anon. 1993. Interactions between sea turtles and the summer flounder trawl fishery, November 1991 - February 1992. US Dep. Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-307.

Arocha, F., M. Ortiz, and J. Silva. 2009. Update on standardized catch rates for sailfish (Istiophorus albicans) from teh Venezuelan pelagic longline fishery off hte Caribbean Sea and adjacent areas: Period 1991-2006 (SCRS/2008/039). Collect.Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 64:1833-1843.


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U.S. Atlantic Marine Mammal Stock Assessment Reports. 1995 (Blaylock et al. 1995), 1996 (Waring et al. 1997), 1998 (Waring et al. 1999), 1999
(Waring et al. 1999), 2000 (Waring et al. 2000), 2001 (Waring et al. 2001), 2002 (Waring et al. 2002), 2003 (Waring et al. 2004), 2005 Waring et al. 2006), 2006 (Waring et al. 2007), 2007 (Waring et al. 2008).

Baremore, I. E., J. K. Carlson, L. D. Hollensead, and D. M. Bethea. 2007. Catch and bycatch in U.S. southeast gillnet fisheries, 2007. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-565.

Baum, J. K., R. A. Myers, D. G. Kehler, B. Worm, S. J. Harley, and P. A. Doherty. 2003. Collapse and conservation of shark populations in the northwest Atlantic. Science 299:389-392.

**Baum, J. K. & R. Myers. 2004. Shifting baselines and the decline of pelagic sharks in the Gulf of Mexico. Ecology Letters 7:135 - 145

**Beerkircher,L.R., C.J. Brown, D.L. Abercrombie and D.W. Lee. 2004. SEFSC Pelagic Longline Observer Program data summary for 1992-2002, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-522, 25 P.

**Beerkircher, L.R., E. Cortes, and M. Shivji. 2004. Characteristics of shark bycatch observed on pelagic longlines off the southeastern United States, 1992-2000. Marine Fisheries Review 64 (4) 40-49.

**Beerkircher,L.R., C.J. Brown and D.W. Lee. 2002. SEFSC Pelagic Longline Observer Program data summary for 1992-2000, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-486, 26 P.

**Beerkircher, L. R., M. Shivji, and E. Cortes. 2003. A Monte Carlo demographic analysis of the silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis): implications of gear selectivity. Fishery Bulletin 101:168-174.

Belden, D. L. 2007. Estimates of cetacean and pinniped bycatch in the 2005 northeast sink gillnet and mid-Atlantic coastal gillnet fisheries. National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 07-08.

Belden, D. L., C. D. Orphaides, M. C. Rossman, and D. L. Palka. 2006. Estimates of cetacean and seal bycatch in the 2004 northeast sink gillnet and mid-Atlantic coastal gillnet fisheries. National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 06-13.

Bisack, K. D. 2003. Estimates of marine mammal bycatch in northeast (New England) multispecies sink gillnet fishery in 1996. National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 03-18.

Bisack, K. D., and J. G. Sutinen. 2006. Harbor porpoise bycatch: ITQs or time/area closures in the New England gillnet fishery. Land Economics 82:85-102.

Bjorndal, K. A., A. B. Bolten, and B. Riewald. 1999. Development and Use of Satellite Telemetry to Estimate Post-Hooking Mortality of Marine Turtles in the Pelagic Longline Fisheries. Southwest Fisheries Science Center Admin. Report H-99-03C.

Blaylock, R. A., J. H. W. Hain, L. J. Hansen, D. L. Palka, and G. T. Waring. 1995. U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Marine Mammal Stock Assessments. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-363.

Bolten, A. B., H. R. Martins, and e. K. A. Bjorndal. 2000. Workshop to design an experiment to determine the effects of longline gear modification on sea turtle bycatch rates. U.S. Dep. Commer., NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-OPR-19.

Bravington, M. V., and K. D. Bisack. 1996. Estimates of harbor porpoise bycatch in the Gulf of Maine sink gillnet fishery, 1990–1993. Rep. Int. Whal. Commn. 46:567-574.


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**Carbonell, A., F. Alemany, P. Merella, A. Quetglas, and E. Romanc. 2003. The by-catch of sharks in the western Mediterranean (Balearic Islands) trawl fishery. Fisheries Research 61:7–18.

Carlson, J. K., and I. E. Baremore. 2004. Directed shark gillnet fishery: Catch and bycatch, 2003. Sustainable Fisheries Division Contribution PCB-03/07, NMFS, SEFSC, Panama City, FL.

Carlson, J. K., D. M. Bethea, and I. E. Baremore. 2005. Directed shark gillnet fishery: Catch and bycatch, 2004. Sustainable Fisheries Division Contribution PCB-05/01, NMFS, SEFSC, Panama City, FL.

Carlson, J. K., and I. E. Baremore. 2007. Catch and bycatch in the shark gillnet fishery, 2005-2006. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-552.

Carruthers, E. H., D. C. Schneider, and J. D. Neilson. 2009. Estimating the odds of survival and identifying mitigation opportunities for common bycatch in pelagic longline fisheries. Biological Conservation 142:2620-2630.

Casale, P., L. Laurent, and G. D. Metrio. 2004. Incidental capture of marine turtles by the Italian trawl fishery in the north Adriatic Sea. Biol. Cons.

**Caswell, H., S. Brault, A. J. Read, and T. D. Smith. 1998. Harbor porpoise and fisheries: An uncertainty analysis of incidental mortality. Ecol. Appl. 8:1226-1238.

Christensen, O. (1995). Registration of bycatches in the offshore salmon fishery in the Baltic Sea by observers on commercial vessels, Unpublished working paper for the ICES Baltic Salmon and Trout assessment working group.

Christensen, O., and H. Lear. 1974. By catches in salmon drift nets at West Greenland in 1972. Research Document. No. 74/44, International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries.

Christensen, O., and W. H. Lear. 1977. Bycatches in salmon drift-nets at West Greenland in 1972. Messelser om Grønland 205:6-38.

Condrey, R. E. (1994). Bycatch in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico menhaden fishery; Results of onboard sampling conducted in the 1992 fishing season. Baton Rouge, LA, Coastal Fisheries Institue, Louisiana State Univ.: 42.

Cooper, A. B. 2006. Propagation of Uncertainty in Total Discard Weight through a VPA Model. Final Report – Task 3 - Northeast Fisheries Bycatch Analysis, Contract Number EA 1330-04-RQ-0120 submitted to National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fishery Science Center by MRAG Americas, Inc.

Cotter, A. J. R., and G. M. Pilling. 2007. Landings, logbooks and observer surveys: improving the protocols for sampling commercial fisheries. Fish and Fisheries 8:123-152.

Cotter, A. J. R., G. Course, S. T. Buckland, and C.Garrod. 2002. A PPS sample survey of English fishing vessels to estimate discarding and retention of North Sea cod, haddock, and whiting. Fisheries Research 55:25-35.

Course, G. P., A. J. R. Cotter, R. O. Jolliffe, B. J. Kay, and M. S. Rolfe. 1999. Safe practices for sampling commercial trawler catches at sea. Fisheries Research 41:99-104.

Cramer, J., A. R. Bertolino, and G. P. Scott. 1994. Estimates of the catch of undersized swordfish by the U.S. large pelagic fleet based on logbook reports and scientific observations. Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 42: 294-302.


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Dai, X. J., Y. Zheng, R. L. Jiang, and L. X. Xu. 2009. Shark by-catch observation in ICCAT waters by Chinese longline observers in 2007 (SCRS/2008/156). Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 64:1741-1745.

De la Sterna, J. M., J. M. Ortiz, and S. Garcia. 2006. Peces espada en peligro. Cada vez se capturan ejemplares más jóvenes. Revista Electrónica del Instituto Español de Oceanografía 5:12-16.

DFO. 1998. Harbour porpoise by-catch in the Lower Bay of Fundy Gillnet Fishery. Fisheries Status Report 98/7E, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Maritimes Region, Canada.

de Silva, J. A. and R. E. Condrey (1998). Dicerning patterns in patchy data: a categorical approach using gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus, bycatch. Fishery Bulletin 96(2): 193-209.

Diamond, S. L. 2004. Bycatch quotas in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl fishery: can they work? Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 14:207-237.


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Enever, R., A. Revill, and A. Grant. 2007. Discarding in the English Channel, Western approaches, Celtic and Irish seas (ICES subarea VII). Fisheries Research 86:143-152.

Epperly, S. P., J. Braun, A. J. Chester, F. A. Cross, J. V. Merriner, and P. A. Tester. 1995. Winter distribution of sea turtles in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and their interactions with the summer flounder trawl fishery. Bull. Mar. Sci. 56:547-568.

**Epperly, S, L. Stokes and S. Dick. 2004. Careful release protocols for sea turtle release with minimal injury. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-524, 42 P.

Epperly, S., L. Avens, L. Garrison, T. Henwood, W. Hoggard, J. Mitchell, J. Nance, J. Poffenberger, C. Sasso, E. Scott-Denton, and C. Yeung. 2002. Analysis of sea turtle bycatch in the commercial shrimp fisheries of southeast U.S. waters and the Gulf of Mexico. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-490.

Epperly, S. P., J. Braun-McNeill, and P. M. Richards. 2007. Trends in catch rates of sea turtles in North Carolina, USA. Endangered Species Research 3:283-293.


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Fairfield-Walsh, C., and L. P. Garrison. 2007. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during 2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-560.

Fanning P, Zwanenburg KCT, Showell MA (1987) Haddock nursery closed areas: delineation and impact. CAFSAC Res Doc 87/59, Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Scientific Advisory Committee, Dartmouth

Forsell, D. J. 1999. Mortality of migratory waterbirds in Mid-Atlantic coastal anchored gillnets during March and April, 1998. Special Fish and Wildlife Status Report. Annapolis, Maryland: Chesapeake Bay Field Office, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior.

Fromentin, J.-M., and H. Farrugio. 2004. Results of the 2003 observer program on board the French purse seiner targeting Atlantic bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean Sea [SCRS/2004/091]. Col. Vol.Sci.Pap. ICCAT 58:779-782

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Gallaway, B. J., J. G. Cole, L. R. Martin, J. M. Nance, and M. Longnecker. 2003. Description of a simple electronic logbook designed to measure effort in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 23:581-589.

Gaertner, D., F. Menard, C. Develter, J. Ariz, and A. D. deMolina. 2002. Bycatch of billfishes by the European tuna purse-seine fishery in the Atlantic Ocean. Fishery Bulletin 100:683-689.

Gardner, B., P. J. Sullivan, S. Epperly, and S. J. Morreale. 2008. Hierarchical modeling of bycatch rates of sea turtles in the western North Atlantic. Endangered Species Research 5: 279–289.

*Garrison,L.P. 2003. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the U.S. Atlantic Pelagic Longline Fleet during 2001-2002. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-515, 52p.

**Garrison, L.P. 2003. Summary of target species and protected resource catch rates by hook and bait type in the pelagic longline fishery in the Gulf of Mexico 1992-2002. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL SEFSC Contribution # PRD-02/03-08 12p.

Garrison, L. P. 2003. Protected species interactions with the directed shark gillnet fishery of Florida and Georgia from 1999-2002. Unpublished report, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center.

Garrison, L. P., and P. M. Richards. 2004. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during 2003. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-527.

Garrison, L. P. 2004. Estimated bycatch of marine mammals and turtles in the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fleet during 2004. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-531.

Garrison, L. P. 2007. Interactions between marine mammals and pelagic longline fishing gear in the U.S. Atlantic Ocean between 1992 and 2004. Fisheries Bulletin 105: 408-417.

Gass, S. E., and J. H. M. Willison. 2005. An assessment of the distribution of deep-sea corals in Atlantic Canada by using both scientific and local forms of knowledge. Pages 223-245 in A. Freiwald and J. M. Roberts, editors. Cold-water Corals and Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Gillis, D. M. 1999. Behavioral inferences from regulatory observer data: catch rate variation in the Scotian Shelf silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) fishery. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56:288-296.

Glass, C. W., B. Sarno, et al. Bycatch reduction in Massachusetts inshore squid (Loligo paeleii) trawl fisheries. MTS Journal 33(2): 35-42.


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Hale, L. F., and J. K. Carlson. 2007. Characterization of the shark bottom longline fishery, 2005-2006. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-554.

Hale, L. F., L. D. Hollensead, and J. K. Carlson. 2007. Characterization of the shark bottom longline fishery, 2007. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-564.

Hale, L. F., S. J. B. Gulak, and J. K. Carlson. 2009. Characterization of the shark bottom longline fishery, 2008. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-586.

Hata, D. N. 2006. Incidental captures of seabirds in the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fishery, 1986-2005. Report to NOAA Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami FL.

**Hoey, J. J. 1996. Bycatch in western Atlantic pelagic longline fisheries. Pages 193-204 in B. Baxter and S. Keller, editors. Solving Bycatch: Considerations for Today and Tomorrow. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks.

Hoey, J.J. and N. Moore. 1999. Multi-species catch characteristics for the US Atlantic pelagic longline fishery. Captain's Report. National Marine Fisheries-NOAA-NMFS. Marfin Grant-NA77FF0543, (SK) Grant-NA86FD0113. 78p.

Huang, H.-W., S.-C. Chou, J.-P. Dai, and C.-H. Shiao. 2009. Overview of Taiwanese observers program for large scale tuna longline fisheries in Atlantic Ocean from 2002 to 2006 (SCRS/2008/193). Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 64: 2508-2517.


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ICES. 2008. Report of the Working Group on Seabird Ecology (WGSE), 10-14 March 2008, Lisbon, Portugal. ICES CM 2008/LRC:05.


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Jepson, M., and J. Jamison. 2008. A Project to Augment the Data Collection and Development of an Electronic Logbook System Used Within the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery. Final report on cooperative agreemnet NA05NMF4540044, Gulf & South Atlantic Fisheries Foundation, Inc., Tampa, FL.

**Johnson,D.R., C. Yeung and C. A. Brown. 1999. Estimates of marine mammal and marine turtle bycatch by the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fleet in 1992-1997. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-418, 70p.

**Joyce,W. N. 1999. Management of shark fisheries in Atlantic Canada. Pages 74-108 in R. Shotton, editor. Case studies of the management of elasmobranch fisheries. FAO, Rome. FAO Fisheries Tech Paper No. 378


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Kaiser, M. S. 2006. Development of an Estimator of Discards for the Northeast Observer Program. Final Report – Task 1 - Northeast Fisheries Bycatch Analysis, Contract Number EA 1330-04-RQ-0120 submitted to National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fishery Science Center by MRAG Americas, Inc

Kaiser, M. S. 2006. Estimation of Discards for the Northeast Observer Program: Quality of Estimation and Connections with Observation Strategy. Final Report – Task 2 - Northeast Fisheries Bycatch Analysis, Contract Number EA 1330-04-RQ-0120 submitted to National Marine Fisheries Service Northeast Fishery Science Center by MRAG Americas, Inc.

Kennelly, S. J. 1999. Areas, depths, and times of high discard rates of scup, Stenotomus chrysops, during demersal fish trawling off the northeastern United States. Fishery Bulletin 97:185-192.

Korzum, Y. V. 2006. The Ukrainian Shrimp Fishery on Flemish Cap (Division 3M) and Division 3L in 2006. NAFO SCR Doc. 06/77, Serial No. N5327, NAFO/ICES WG PANDALUS MEETING – OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2006.

Kulka, D. W. 1982. Estimates of discarding by the Newfoundland offshore fleet in 1981. CAFSAC Res. Doc. 92/34.

Kulka, D. W. 1984. Estimates of discarding by the Newfoundland offshore fleet in 1982. NAFO SCR Doc. 84/28, Ser. No. N809.

Kulka, D. W. 1985. Estimates of discarding by the Newfoundland offshore fleet in 1983. NAFO SCR Doc. 85/75, Ser. No. N1033.

Kulka, D. W. 1986. Estimates of discarding by the Newfoundland offshore fleet in 1984 with reference to trends over the past four years. NAFO SCR Doc. 86/12, Ser. No. N1120.

Kulka, D. W. 1986. Estimates of discarding by the Newfoundland offshore fleet in 1985 with reference to trends over the past 5 years. NAFO SCR Doc. 86/95, Ser. No. N1221.

Kulka, D. W. 1995. Bycatch of commercial groundfish species in the northern shrimp fisheries, 1980-1994. DFO Atl. Fish. Res. Doc. 95/48, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada.

Kulka, D. W. 1997. Discarding of cod (Gadus morhus) in the northern cod and northern shrimp directed trawl fisheries, 1980-1994. NAFO Sci. Coun. Studies 29:67-79.

Kulka, D. W. 1999. Spatial analysis of northern Atlantic cod distribution with respect to bottom temperature and estimation of biomass using potential mapping in SPANS. DFO Atl. Fish. Res. Doc. 98/13, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada.

Kulka, D. W. 1999. The integration of information collected by fishery observers into the fisheries management process: A scientific perspective. Pages 249-260 in C. P. Nolan, editor. Proceedings of the International Conference on Integrated Fisheries Monitoring--1-5 February 1999, Sydney, Australia.

**Kulka, D. W., and F. K. Mowbray. 1999. An overview of the Grand Banks skate fishery. Pages 47-73 in R. Shotton, editor. Case studies of the management of elasmobranch fisheries. FAO, Rome. FAO Fisheries Tech Paper No. 378.


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Lee, D. W., C. J. Brown, and T. L. Jordan. 1996. Overview of the SEFSC pelagic observer program in the northwest Atlantic from 1992-1994. Col. Vol.Sci.Pap. ICCAT 45:355-365.

Lee, D. W., and C. J. Brown. 1998. SEFSC Pelagic Observer Program Data Summary for 1992-1996. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFSC-408, National Marine Fisheries Servce, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL.


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Machias, P. Maiorano, V. Vassilopoulou, C. Papaconstantinou, A. Tursi, and N. Tsimenides. 2004. Sizes of discarded commercial species in the eastern–central Mediterranean Sea. Fisheries Research 66:213-222.

*Matsumoto, T., H. Saito, and N. Miyabe. 2004. Report of the observer program for the Japanese tuna longline fishery in the Atlantic Ocean from September 2002 to January 2003. Col. Vol.Sci.Pap. ICCAT 56:254-281.

McAllister, M. K. 2007. Review of the Northeast Region Standardized Bycatch Reporting Methodology. Lenfest Ocean Program, Washington D.C.

**Medley, P. 2001. Estimating discards from catch species compositions. Pages 46-51 in D. Zeller, R. Watson, and D.Pauly, editors. Fisheries Impacts on North Atlantic Ecosystems: Catch, Effort and National/Regional Data Sets. University of British Columbia, Fisheries Center Research Reports, Vancouver, BC.

Mejuto, J., B. García-Cortés, A. Ramos-Cartelle, and J. M. de la Serna. 2009. Scientific estimations of by-catch landed by the Spanish surface longline fleet targeting swordfish (Xiphias gladius) in the Atlantic Ocean with special reference to the years 2005 and 2006 (SCRS/2008/045). Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 64:2455-2468.

Ménard, F., B. Stéquert, A. Rubin, M. Herrera, and É. Marchal. 2000. Food consumption of tuna in the Equatorial Atlantic Ocean: FAD-associated versus unassociated schools. Aquatic Living Resources 13:233-240.

Morgan, M. J., W. B. Brodie, et al. (2002). Was over-exploitation the cause of the decline of the American plaice stock off Labrador and northeast Newfoundland? Fisheries Research 57(1): 39-49.

Muñoz, P. D., and E. Román. 2002. Database of the Spanish Observers Program in North Atlantic international waters: Exploring how this existing information could be used to investigate the composition and distribution patterns and the biology of the deep-water species. Theme Session on Census of Marine Life: Turning Concept into Reality. ICES CM 2002/L:08.

Murray, K. T., A. J. Read, and A. R. Solow. 2000. The use of time/area closures to reduce bycatches of harbour porpoises: lessons from the Gulf of Maine sink gillnet fishery. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 2:135-141.

Murray, K. T. 2004. Magnitude and distribution of sea turtle bycatch in the sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) dredge fishery in two areas of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, 2001–2002. Fishery Bulletin 102:671-681.

Murray, K. T. 2004. Bycatch of sea turtles in the Mid-Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) dredge fishery during 2003. US Dep. Commer., Northeast Fish. Sci. Cent. Ref. Doc. 04-11.

Murray, K. T. 2005. Total bycatch estimate of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in the 2004 Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) dredge US Dep. Commer., Northeast Fish. Sci. Cent. Ref. Doc. 05-12.

Murray KT . 2006. Estimated Average Annual Bycatch of Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) in U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bottom Otter Trawl Gear, 1996-2004. U.S. Dep. Commer., Northeast Fish. Sci. Cent. Ref. Doc. 06-19; 26 p.

Murray, K. T. 2007. Estimated bycatch of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in U.S. Mid-Atlantic scallop trawl gear, 2004-2005, and in scallop dredge gear, 2005. US Dep. Commer., Northeast Fish. Sci. Cent. Ref. Doc. 07-04.

Myers, R. A., J. K. Baum, T. D. Shepherd, S. P. Powers, and C. H. Peterson. 2007. Cascading Effects of the Loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean Science 315:1846 -1850.


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Nance, J., E. Martinez, D. Emiliani, J. Davis, L. Rathmell, and Z. Zein-Eldin. 1993. Trawl Bycatch in the Galveston Bay System. Pages 249-253 in R. W. Jensen, R. W. Kiesling, and F. S. Shipley, editors. Proceedings of the Second State of the Bay Symposium, February 4-6, 1993. Galveston Bay National Estuary Program Publication GBNEP-23.

Nance, J. M., and E. Scott-Denton. 1997. Bycatch in the Gulf of Mexico shrimp fishery. Pages 98-102 in D. A. Hancock, D. C. Smith, A. Grant, and J. P. Beumer, editors. Developing and Sustaining World Fisheries Resources; The State of Science and Management; The State of Science and Management, 2nd World Fisheries Congress, CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia.

*NMFS. 1993. Interactions between sea turtles and the summer flounder trawl fishery, November, 1991 - February, 1992 : a joint report from NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort Laboratory and North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries. NOAA-TM-NMFS-SEFSC-307, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort, NC.

Newton, A., K. Coull, K. Peach, R. Coggan, A. Robb, T. Blasdale, M. Breen, F. Burns, S. Davis, and L. Bullough. 2002? Report on Biological Information Gathered from Scottish fishing vessels. Industry/Science Partnership, Vol. II. Fisheries Research Services.


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**Ortiz, M., and C. A. Brown. 2001. STANDARDIZED CATCH RATES FOR SAILFISH (Istiophorus platypterus) FROM THE PELAGIC LONGLINE FISHERY IN THE NORTHWEST ATLANTIC AND THE GULF OF MEXICO. Col. Vol.Sci.Pap. ICCAT 54:791-804.

Ortiz, M., and F. Arocha. 2004. Alternative error distribution models for standardization of catch rates of non-target species from a pelagic longline fishery: billfish species in the Venezuelan tuna longline fishery. Fisheries Research 70:275-297.


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Palka, D. L., and M. C. Rossman. 2001. Bycatch estimates of coastal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in U.S. Mid-Atlantic gillnet fisheries for 1996 to 2000. Northeast Fisheries Science Center Reference Document 01-15, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, 166 Water St., Woods Hole, MA 02543-1026.

Palka, D. and M. Warden. 2006. Seabird catch from the NOAA Pelagic Observer Program. Document presented to the Atlantic Marine Bird Conservation Cooperative Workshop. 29 January – 1 February 2006. Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA.

Palka, D., and M. Warden. 2007. Numbers of seabirds observed interacting with fishing gear in the US Northwest Atlantic waters (north of South Carolina) in the period from the first year gear type was observed through July 2006. Unpublished Report for Bycatch breakout group of the Atlantic Bird Conservation Cooperative Workshop, 11 pp.

Passerotti, M. S., and J. K. Carlson. 2009. Catch and Bycatch in U.S. Southeast Gillnet Fisheries, 2008. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-SEFSC-583.

Petruny-Parker, M. E., K. M. Castro, M. L. Schwartz, L. G. Skrobe, and B. Somers, editors. 2003. Proceedings of the New England Bycatch Workshop. Rhode Island Sea Grant, Narragansett, RI

Prince, E. D., and J. P. Hoolihan. 2008. Progress of the ICCAT Enhanced Research Program for billfish in teh Western Atlantic Ocean during 2006 (SCRS/2007/144). Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 62:1320-1323.

Prince, E. D., and J. P. Hoolihan. 2009. Progress of the ICCAT Enhanced Research Program for billfish in teh Western Atlantic Ocean during 2008 (SCRS/2008/171). Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 64:2124-2127.

**Prytherch, H. F. 1983. A descriptive survey of the bottom longline fishery in the Gulf of Mexico. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS-SEFC-122, NMFS Southeast Fisheries Science Center.


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Rago, P. J., S. E. Wigley, and M. J. Fogarty. 2005. NEFSC Bycatch Estimation Methodology: Allocation, Precision, and Accuracy. U.S. Dep. Commer., Northeast Fish. Sci. Cent. Ref. Doc. 05-09.

Ramos-Cartelle, A., and J. Mejuto. 2008. Interaction of the false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) and depredation on the swordfish catches of the Spanish surface longline fleet in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans (SCRS/2007/025). Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT 62:1721-1738.

**Read, A. J. 1990. Age at sexual maturity and pregnancy rates of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, from the Bay of Fundy. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 47:561-565.

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